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He hypothesized that aphasia is the outcome of partial damage to the left auditory word center, whereas auditory agnosia is the result of complete damage to the same area. Bastian localized the auditory word center to the posterior MTG (middle temporal gyrus). Other opponents to the Wernicke-Lichtheim model were Sigmund Freud and Carl Freund.
The auditosensory cortex is the part of the auditory system that is associated with the sense of hearing in humans. It occupies the bilateral primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the mammalian brain. [1] The term is used to describe Brodmann areas 41 and 42 together with the transverse temporal gyrus. [2]
Both pathways project in humans to the inferior frontal gyrus. The most established role of the auditory dorsal stream in primates is sound localization. In humans, the auditory dorsal stream in the left hemisphere is also responsible for speech repetition and articulation, phonological long-term encoding of word names, and verbal working memory.
The angular gyrus is a region of the brain lying mainly in the posteroinferior region of the parietal lobe, occupying the posterior part of the inferior parietal lobule. [1] It represents the Brodmann area 39.
[5] [6] Some identify it with the unimodal auditory association in the superior temporal gyrus anterior to the primary auditory cortex (the anterior part of BA 22). [7] This is the site most consistently implicated in auditory word recognition by functional brain imaging experiments.
The superior temporal gyrus also includes Wernicke's area, which (in most people) is located in the left hemisphere. It is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. The superior temporal gyrus is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. [2] [3]
The location of the brain lesion and type of the aphasia can then be inferred from the observed symptoms. The Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis is the most lengthy and thorough assessment of sensory aphasia. It pinpoints weaknesses in the auditory and visual senses, as well as reading comprehension.
The transverse temporal gyrus, also called Heschl's gyrus (/ ˈ h ɛ ʃ əl z ˈ dʒ aɪ r aɪ /) or Heschl's convolutions, is a gyrus found in the area of each primary auditory cortex buried within the lateral sulcus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42.