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The oil is applied to the ways with either grease fittings, or is sometimes continuously pumped through ducts machined into the face of the ways. The latter was commonly used on shapers, where the entire way is covered by some part of the sliding element at all times. The ends of the ways are fitted with felt wipers to prevent oil from leaking ...
Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at the workpiece surface, irrespective of the machining operation used. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation.
Facing on the lathe uses a facing tool to cut a flat surface perpendicular to the work piece's rotational axis. A facing tool is mounted into a tool holder that rests on the carriage of the lathe. The tool will then feed perpendicularly across the part's rotational axis as it spins in the jaws of the chuck.
Way oil (the oil made for machine tool ways) works as a cutting oil. In fact, some screw machines are designed to use one oil as both the way oil and cutting oil. (Most machine tools treat way lube and coolant as separate things that inevitably mix during use, which leads to tramp oil skimmers being used to separate them back out.)
Programmers are usually machinist as well. A CNC programmer creates programs using software called CAM (computer aided manufacturing). The programmer must be proficient in math, speeds and feeds, machine tooling, work holding, and the different ways various materials react to stress and heat in the machining process.
For example, a centering lathe is a dual head machine where the work remains fixed and the heads move towards the workpiece and machine a center drill hole into each end. The resulting workpiece may then be used "between centers" in another operation. The usage of the term metal lathe may also be considered somewhat outdated these days ...
Spindle nose on a lathe headstock. The small female taper is a Morse taper to take a lathe center or a tool such as a twist drill. The large male taper takes a lathe chuck, which is retained by the large nut. A machine taper is a system for securing cutting tools or toolholders in the spindle of a machine tool or power tool.
There are many different kinds of honing oils to suit different needs. It is important to use the appropriate solution for the job. In the case of knife sharpening, motor oil is too thick or heavy and can over-lubricate or clog a sharpening stone, whereas WD-40 is too light an oil and will not carry the metal filings plus stone dust (collectively known as swarf) away from the stone, and clog it.