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As early as the 1860s, with the work of Hermann Helmholtz in experimental psychology, the brain's ability to extract perceptual information from sensory data was modeled in terms of probabilistic estimation. [5] [6] The basic idea is that the nervous system needs to organize sensory data into an accurate internal model of the outside world.
The "triune theory of the brain" McLean, P. (2003) [18] is one of several models used to theorize the organizational structure of the brain. The most ancient neural structure of the brain is the brain stem or "lizard brain".
The five-factor-model includes neuroticism, extraversion, openness/intellect, agreeableness and conscientiousness. [62] Previous studies have identified the connection between personality factors and certain structures, functional brain networks and regions and how these interactions are crucial to emotional and cognitive processes.
Predictive coding was initially developed as a model of the sensory system, where the brain solves the problem of modelling distal causes of sensory input through a version of Bayesian inference. It assumes that the brain maintains an active internal representations of the distal causes, which enable it to predict the sensory inputs. [5]
The basic idea at the core of the soliton model is the balancing of intrinsic dispersion of the two dimensional sound waves in the membrane by nonlinear elastic properties near a phase transition. The initial impulse can acquire a stable shape under such circumstances, in general known as a solitary wave. [12]
The theta model, or Ermentrout–Kopell canonical Type I model, is mathematically equivalent to the quadratic integrate-and-fire model which in turn is an approximation to the exponential integrate-and-fire model and the Hodgkin-Huxley model. It is called a canonical model because it is one of the generic models for constant input close to the ...
A cortical column is a group of neurons forming a cylindrical structure through the cerebral cortex of the brain perpendicular to the cortical surface. [1] The structure was first identified by Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle in 1957. He later identified minicolumns as the basic units of the neocortex which were arranged into columns. [2]
The triune brain model argues that these structures are relatively independent from one another, but that they are still connected to each other in some form or another. [12] The model views different cognitive behaviors as caused by three different entities instead of one.