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Leavening agents can be biological or synthetic chemical compounds. The gas produced is often carbon dioxide, or occasionally hydrogen. [1] When a dough or batter is mixed, the starch in the flour and the water in the dough form a matrix [2] (often supported further by proteins like gluten or polysaccharides, such as pentosans or xanthan gum).
Disodium pyrophosphate is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders. It combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide: Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 + NaHCO 3 → Na 3 HP 2 O 7 + CO 2 + H 2 O. It is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Hartshorn salt, also known as hartshorn, baker's ammonia, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate is used as a leavening agent in baked goods in place of yeast, baking soda and baking powder. It was more popular in the 1700s and prior as a forerunner of the modern baking powder [ 7 ] but is still used today in traditional German, Swiss ...
Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid. The base and acid are prevented from reacting prematurely by the inclusion of a buffer such as cornstarch. Baking powder is used to increase the volume and lighten the texture of baked goods.
Baking powder – leavening agent; includes acid and base; Baking soda – food base; Balm, lemon – Balm oil – Balsam of Peru – used in food and drink for flavoring; Barberry – Barley flour – Basil (Ocimum basilicum) – Basil extract – Bay leaves – Beeswax – glazing agent; Beet red – color (red) Beetroot red – color (red)
Steam-leavening is unpredictable since the steam is not produced until the bread is baked. Steam leavening happens regardless of the raising agents (baking soda, yeast, baking powder, sour dough, beaten egg white) included in the mix. The leavening agent either contains air bubbles or generates carbon dioxide.
It is composed of ammonium cations [NH 4] + and carbonate anions CO 2− 3. Since ammonium carbonate readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as smelling salt. It is also known as baker's ammonia and is a predecessor to the more modern leavening agents baking soda and baking ...
Soda bread – variety of quick bread traditionally made in a variety of cuisines in which sodium bicarbonate (otherwise known as baking soda) is used as a leavening agent instead of the more common yeast; Sopaipilla – Fried pastry traditional in Spain, Latin America, and the southwestern United States; Touton – Newfoundland pancake