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Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited blood disorders, caused by a genetic abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [57] Under certain circumstances, this leads to the red blood cells adopting an abnormal sickle -like shape; with this shape, they are unable to deform as they pass through capillaries ...
Leukemia (also spelled leukaemia; pronounced / l uː ˈ k iː m iː ə / [1] loo-KEE-mee-ə) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells. [9] These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. [2]
Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood and blood-forming organs. Hematologic diseases include rare genetic disorders, anemia , HIV , sickle cell disease and complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.
The CARs are designed to recognize the specific cancer antigens and bind to them, allowing T-cells to target and attack the cancer cells. The genetically modified T-cells are administered back to the patients as a treatment. Leukemia is a group of blood cancers commonly found in children younger than 15 and elders older than 55. [3]
Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots , other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. [3] The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
While uncommon in solid tumors, chromosomal translocations are a common cause of these diseases. This commonly leads to a different approach in diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/or oncology.
Lymphoma is the most common form of hematological malignancy, or "blood cancer", in the developed world. Taken together, lymphomas represent 5.3% of all cancers (excluding simple basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers) in the United States and 55.6% of all blood cancers. [75]
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. [8] [9] In CLL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. [8] [9] In patients with CLL, B cell lymphocytes can begin to collect in their blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.