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Dose a Time to peak Half-life b Metabolism Anticholinergic Diphenhydramine: 50 mg 2–3 hours 2–9 hours CYP2D6, others Yes Doxylamine: 25 mg 2–3 hours 10–12 hours CYP2D6, others Yes Hydroxyzine: 25–100 mg 2 hours 20 hours ADH, CYP3A4, others No Doxepin: 3–6 mg 2–3 hours 17 hours c: CYP2D6, others No (at low doses) Mirtazapine: 7.5 ...
Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax and Vistaril among others, is an antihistamine medication. [8] It is used in the treatment of itchiness, anxiety, insomnia, and nausea (including that due to motion sickness). [8] It is used either by mouth or injection into a muscle. [8] Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9]
The rash and other symptoms typically occur 24 to 48 hours after the exposure; in some cases, the rash may persist for weeks. [2] Once an individual has developed a skin reaction to a certain substance it is most likely that they will have it for the rest of their life, and the symptoms will reappear when in contact with the allergen.
Children affected by allergies in the developed world: [2] 1 in 13 have eczema; 1 in 8 have allergic rhinitis; 3-6% are affected by food allergy; Children in the United States under 18 years of age: [3] Percent with any allergy: 27.2%; Percent with seasonal allergy: 18.9%; Percent with eczema: 10.8%; Percent with food allergy: 5.8%
It is not generally recommended in young children or those with glaucoma. [2] [6] Cyclizine appears to be safe during pregnancy but has not been well studied. [7] It is in the anticholinergic and antihistamine family of medications. [3] [6] Cyclizine was discovered in 1947. [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential ...
The most common antihistamines utilized for this purpose include hydroxyzine, promethazine (enzyme induction especially helps with codeine and similar prodrug opioids), phenyltoloxamine, orphenadrine, and tripelennamine; some may also have intrinsic analgesic properties of their own, orphenadrine being an example.
A positron emission tomography (PET) study found that brain occupancy of the H 1 receptor was 12.6% for 10 mg cetirizine, 25.2% for 20 mg cetirizine, and 67.6% for 30 mg hydroxyzine. [29] (A 10 mg dose of cetirizine equals about a 30 mg dose of hydroxyzine in terms of peripheral antihistamine effect.) [30] PET studies with antihistamines have ...
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red and/or flesh-colored, raised, itchy bumps. [1] Hives may burn or sting. [2] The patches of rash may appear on different body parts, [2] with variable duration from minutes to days, and do not leave any long-lasting skin change. [2]