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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (from cyto-'cell' via Greek κύτος kútos - 'container' + μέγας mégas 'big, megalo-' + -virus via Latin vīrus 'poison') is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, [3] in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Humans and other primates serve as natural hosts.
CMV colitis may be clinically manifested with diarrhea (usually non-bloody), abdominal pain, weight loss and anorexia. The diagnosis of CMV colitis is based on serology, CMV antigen testing and colonoscopy with biopsy. Clinical suspicion should be aroused in the setting of immunocompromised patient but it is much rarer in immunocompetent patient.
CMV infection or reactivation in people whose immune systems are compromised—for example people who have received transplants or are significantly burned—causes illness and increases the risk of death. [37] [38] CMV reactivation is commonly seen in people with severe colitis. [39] Specific disease entities recognized in those people are
Cytomegalovirus esophagitis is a form of esophagitis associated with cytomegalovirus. [1] Symptoms include dysphagia , upper abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes hematemesis . This condition occurs in the setting of patients with a weakened immune system who are susceptible to both infections by CMV and the manifestation of ...
Cytomegalic inclusion body disease (CIBD) also known as cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) is a series of signs and symptoms caused by cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis or other rare infections such as herpes or rubella viruses. It can produce massive calcification of the central nervous system, and often the kidneys. [1]
TORCH syndrome is a cluster of symptoms caused by congenital infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, parvovirus, and Varicella zoster. [1] Zika virus is considered the most recent member of TORCH infections. [2]
Congenital CMV cannot be diagnosed if the infant is tested more than one week after birth. [citation needed] Visually healthy infants are not routinely tested for CMV infection although only 10–20% will show signs of infection at birth [citation needed] though up to 80% may go onto show signs of prenatal infection in later life. If a pregnant ...
A differential diagnosis of acute infectious mononucleosis needs to take into consideration acute cytomegalovirus infection and Toxoplasma gondii infections. Because their management is much the same, it is not always helpful–or possible–to distinguish between Epstein–Barr-virus mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus infection.