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VSCP - Very Simple Control Protocol is a free protocol with main focus on building- or home-automation; xAP – Open protocol; X10 – Open standard for communication among electronic devices used for home automation (domotics) Z-Wave - Wireless RF Protocol; Zigbee – Open protocol for Mesh Networks
Some examples of wired protocols commonly used in smart home hubs are: DALI, open standard for network-based lighting control in buildings, well suited for dimming. KNX, older and well-established open standard for network-based control of lighting, sensors, HVAC, etc. in buildings. There is also a wireless extension of KNX called KNX-RF.
The basic ULE wireless network uses a “star network topology”; i.e. there is one main device, called “base”, which controls the network; the “base” is wirelessly connected to “nodes”, which usually are devices with dedicated functions, such as sensors, remote controls, actuators, smart meters, etc.
Z-Wave is a wireless communications protocol used primarily for residential and commercial building automation. It is a mesh network using low-energy radio waves to communicate from device to device, [2] allowing for wireless control of smart home devices, such as smart lights, security systems, thermostats, sensors, smart door locks, and garage door openers.
However, unlike most wireless protocols, UPB does not require an automation controller or hub to operate. Since UPB is a peer to peer protocol, individual switches, scene controllers and various types of plug-in modules can be individually programmed to do multiple tasks without the need to purchase a hub or controller.
A wireless radio-based protocol transport is also defined. X10 was developed in 1975 by Pico Electronics of Glenrothes, Scotland, in order to allow remote control of home devices and appliances. It was the first general purpose home automation network technology and remains the most widely available [citation needed]. [1]
Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios, such as for home automation, medical device data collection, and other low-power low-bandwidth needs, designed for small scale projects which need wireless connection.
Bluetooth V4.0 with standard protocol and with low energy protocol; IEEE 802.15.4-2006 (low-level protocol definitions corresponding to the OSI model physical and link layers. Zigbee, 6LoWPAN, etc. build upward in the protocol stack and correspond to the network and transport layers.) Thread (network protocol) UWB; Wireless USB; Zigbee; ANT+