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Yiddish, [a] historically Judeo-German, [11] [b] is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.It originated in 9th-century [12]: 2 Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic.
The density of the Jewish settlement in the Russian Empire in 1905 The Hebrew text in this map says the thick red line is the main boundary between eastern (yellow) and western (green) Yiddish dialects, the dash red lines are secondary boundaries between local dialects, and the dotted red lines are modern state borders.
Map showing percentage of Jews in the Pale of Settlement and Congress Poland, c. 1905. A shtetl is defined by Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern as "an East European market town in private possession of a Polish magnate, inhabited mostly but not exclusively by Jews" and from the 1790s onward and until 1915 shtetls were also "subject to Russian bureaucracy", [7] as the Russian Empire had annexed the ...
They traditionally speak Yiddish, [8] a language that originated in the 9th century, [9] and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Hebrew was primarily used as a literary and sacred language until its 20th-century revival as a common language in Israel.
Most Jews who settled in East Germany did so either because their pre-1933 homes had been there or because they had been politically leftist before the Nazi seizure of power and, after 1945, wished to build an anti-fascist, socialist Germany. Most such politically engaged Jews were not religious or active in the official Jewish community.
Yiddish linguistic scholarship uses a system developed by M. Weinreich (1960) to indicate the descendent diaphonemes of the Proto-Yiddish stressed vowels. [12] Each Proto-Yiddish vowel is given a unique two-digit identifier, and its reflexes use it as a subscript, for example Southeastern o 11 is the vowel /o/, descended from Proto-Yiddish */a ...
A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is Di yidishe gas (Yiddish: די ייִדישע גאַס), or 'The Jewish street'. Many European and Middle Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter.
However, Yiddish did not become a completely “dead” language after the Holocaust. In the mid 20th century there was the establishment of the Yungntruf, a movement for young Yiddish speakers which still continues today. The Yungntruf movement also created the Yiddish Farm in 2012, a farm in New York which offers an immersive education for ...