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The marginal product of labor is the slope of the total product curve, which is the production function plotted against labor usage for a fixed level of usage of the capital input. In the neoclassical theory of competitive markets , the marginal product of labor equals the real wage.
The marginal profit per unit of labor equals the marginal revenue product of labor minus the marginal cost of labor or M π L = MRP L − MC L A firm maximizes profits where M π L = 0. The marginal revenue product is the change in total revenue per unit change in the variable input assume labor. [ 10 ]
The marginal product of a factor of production is the change in output when that factor of production changes, holding constant all the other factors of production as well as the total factor productivity. The marginal product of capital, corresponds to the first derivative of the production function with respect to capital:
Graph of total, average, and marginal product In economics , a production function gives the technological relation between quantities of physical inputs and quantities of output of goods. The production function is one of the key concepts of mainstream neoclassical theories, used to define marginal product and to distinguish allocative ...
An example would be a factory increasing its saleable product, but also increasing its CO 2 production, for the same input increase. [2] The law of diminishing returns is a fundamental principle of both micro and macro economics and it plays a central role in production theory. [5]
In the theory of marginality, the marginal product of an input is the extra output obtained by adding one unit to a specific input. [11] This assumes all the other factors contributing to the output remain constant. For example, the marginal product of labour would be the added production when increasing a unit of labour, such as hours worked.
On the other hand, if the marginal revenue is less than the marginal cost (<), then too its total profit is not maximized, because producing one unit less will reduce total cost more than total revenue gained, thus giving the firm more total profit. In this case, a "rational" firm has an incentive to reduce its output level until its total ...
This shape of the marginal cost curve is directly attributable to increasing, then decreasing marginal returns (and the law of diminishing marginal returns). Marginal cost equals w/MP L. [3]: 191 For most production processes the marginal product of labor initially rises, reaches a maximum value and then continuously falls as production ...