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The therapeutic effect of hypothermia is not confined to metabolism and membrane stability. Hypothermia can also prevent the injuries that occur after circulation returns to the brain, or what is termed reperfusion injuries. In fact, an individual suffering from an ischemic insult continues suffering injuries well after circulation is restored.
Intrauterine hypoxia can be attributed to maternal, placental, or fetal conditions. [12] Kingdom and Kaufmann classifies three categories for the origin of fetal hypoxia: 1) pre-placental (both mother and fetus are hypoxic), 2) utero-placental (mother is normal but placenta and fetus is hypoxic), 3) post-placental (only fetus is hypoxic).
This reperfusion results in inflammatory injury through three overlapping mechanisms. Some complimentary combination of, first, mitochondrial damage and, second, endothelial activation , causes a release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which initiates and/or exacerbates a pathophysiological inflammatory response.
It has been demonstrated that high concentrations of oxygen lead to generation of oxygen free radicals, which have a role in reperfusion injury after asphyxia. [4] Research by Ola Didrik Saugstad and others led to new international guidelines on newborn resuscitation in 2010, recommending the use of normal air instead of 100% oxygen. [5] [6]
For frostbite injuries, limiting thawing and warming of tissues until warmer temperatures can be sustained may reduce reperfusion injury. Ischemic stroke is at times treated with various levels of statin therapy at hospital discharge, followed by home time, in an attempt to lower the risk of adverse events.
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) tissue injury is the resultant pathology from a combination of factors, including tissue hypoxia, followed by tissue damage associated with re-oxygenation. IR injury contributes to disease and mortality in a variety of pathologies, including myocardial infarction , ischemic stroke , acute kidney injury , trauma ...
Functional no reflow phenomenon occurs when the microvasculature is anatomically intact, but has been temporarily compromised due to spasm, microembolization, or reperfusion injury, ultimately leading to MVO. Functional no reflow phenomenon is largely reversible due to the fact that the microvasculature is still intact.
Uterine Tachysystole is a condition of excessively frequent uterine contractions during pregnancy. [1] It is most often seen in induced or augmented labor, though it can also occur during spontaneous labor, [2] and this may result in fetal hypoxia and acidosis. This may have serious effects on both the mother and the fetus including ...