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NSFNet Internet architecture, c. 1995. Internet exchange points began as Network Access Points or NAPs, a key component of Al Gore's National Information Infrastructure (NII) plan, which defined the transition from the US Government-paid-for NSFNET era (when Internet access was government sponsored and commercial traffic was prohibited) to the commercial Internet of today.
From an engineering perspective this was an important precursor to the Internet interconnection architecture that followed such as the Metropolitan Area Ethernet (MAE) and the NSF sponsored Network Access Points (NAPs) that were established for the transition of NSFNET traffic to competing service providers that included Sprint, ANS ...
London Network Access Point [110] London United Kingdom: 1997 — [111] 773.3 [112] 414.5 [112] 23 March 2021 STHIX: Stockholm Internet Exchange [113] Stockholm, Gothenburg, Copenhagen Sweden, Denmark: 2005 195 [114] 224 [115] 115 [115] 25 March 2020 BNIX: Belgium National Internet eXchange [116] Brussels Belgium: 1995 57 [117] 340 [118] — 25 ...
An access network, also referred to as an outside plant, refers to the series of wires, cables and equipment lying between a consumer/business telephone termination point (the point at which a telephone connection reaches the customer) and the local telephone exchange. The local exchange contains banks of automated switching equipment which ...
A transit free network uses only peering; a network that uses only unpaid peering and connects to the whole Internet is considered a Tier 1 network. [1] In the 1990s, the network access point concept provided one form of transit. [2] Pricing for the internet transit varies at different times and geographical locations. [3]
Service access points are also used in IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control in Ethernet and similar data link layer protocols. When using the OSI Network system ( CONS or CLNS ), the base for constructing an address for a network element is an NSAP address , similar in concept to an IP address .
Federal Internet Exchange (FIX) points were policy-based network peering points where U.S. federal agency networks, such as the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET), NASA Science Network (NSN), Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), and MILNET were interconnected.
Asia Internet Exchange Network Access Point Malaysia (ARIX) * APIX: Asia Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur: Kuala Lumpur Internet Exchange * APIX: Asia Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Internet Exchange (SLIX) [405] * APIX: Asia Taiwan: Taipei: Taiwan Network Access Point (TWNAP) * APIX: Asia Thailand: Bangkok: NECTEC IIR Public Internet Exchange [406] (NECTEC-PIE ...