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Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricate and protect the vagina. [1] [2] This mixture is constantly produced by the cells of the ...
The Skene's glands' openings are located in the vestibule of the vulva, around the lower end of the urethra. [2] The two Skene's ducts lead from the Skene's glands to the vulvar vestibule, to the left and right of the urethral opening, from which they are structurally capable of secreting fluid.
Vaginal lubrication fluid is a plasma transudate which diffuses across the vaginal wall. Composition varies with length of arousal. [1] During arousal, vaginal lubrication, also sometimes called "arousal fluid", is produced. This is clear, thin, and slippery. It typically only lasts up to an hour. [2] [3] [4] It can sometimes be confused with ...
Symptoms of yeast infections include itching, burning, irritation, and a white cottage-cheese-like discharge from the vagina. Women have also reported that they experience painful intercourse and urination as well. Taking a sample of the vaginal secretions and placing them under a microscope for evidence of yeast can diagnose a yeast infection.
Leukorrhea can be confirmed by finding >10 WBC per high-power field under a microscope when examining vaginal fluid. [6] Vaginal discharge is normal, and causes of change in discharge include infection, malignancy, and hormonal changes. It sometimes occurs before an adolescent female has her first period, and is considered a sign of puberty.
Addition of a base to vaginal secretion with the diamines putrescine and cadaverine causes them to become volatile and thereby produce a more intense fishy smell. [37] Loss of acidity. To control bacterial growth, the vagina is normally slightly acidic with a pH of 3.8–4.2. A swab of the discharge is put onto litmus paper to check its acidity ...
Fluid from the Bartholin's glands is combined with other vaginal secretions as a "lubrication fluid" in the amount of about 6 grams per day, and contains high potassium and low sodium concentrations relative to blood plasma, with a slightly acidic pH of 4.7. [15]
BV can present itself as symptomatic or asymptomatic. Symptoms include vaginal malodor, increased vaginal pH, and vaginal itching. [41] There is no one known cause as to why BV occurs but it is typically associated with abnormal vaginal discharge (Coudray & Madhivanan, 2020). To diagnose BV in a clinical setting, an Amsel's criteria is used.