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These first Heisler–Gröber charts were based upon the first term of the exact Fourier series solution for an infinite plane wall: (,) = = [ + ], [1]where T i is the initial uniform temperature of the slab, T ∞ is the constant environmental temperature imposed at the boundary, x is the location in the plane wall, λ is the root of λ * tan λ = Bi, and α is thermal diffusivity.
The CLF is the cooling load at a given time compared to the heat gain from earlier in the day. [1] [5] The SC, or shading coefficient, is used widely in the evaluation of heat gain through glass and windows. [1] [5] Finally, the SCL, or solar cooling load factor, accounts for the variables associated with solar heat load.
Pr is the Prandtl number. [3] The Stanton number arises in the consideration of the geometric similarity of the momentum boundary layer and the thermal boundary layer, where it can be used to express a relationship between the shear force at the wall (due to viscous drag) and the total heat transfer at the wall (due to thermal diffusivity).
Although convective heat transfer can be derived analytically through dimensional analysis, exact analysis of the boundary layer, approximate integral analysis of the boundary layer and analogies between energy and momentum transfer, these analytic approaches may not offer practical solutions to all problems when there are no mathematical models applicable.
Windows: Quickfield: EM, Heat Transfer and Stress Analysis [10] Tera Analysis Ltd: 6.4 [11] 2020-04-17: Proprietary EULA: Free Student Edition available [12] Windows: Pam Crash: Best used for explicit dynamics / crash analysis ESI 15.5.1 2020-03-05 Proprietary commercial software: Linux, Windows: LS-DYNA: Best known for explicit dynamics ...
To calculate thermal transmittance when there are "bridging" mortar joints it is necessary to calculate two quantities, known as R max and R min. R max can be thought of as the total thermal insulance obtained if it is assumed that there is no lateral flow of heat and R min can be thought of as the total thermal insulance obtained if it is ...
The number of transfer units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current, and cross-flow exchangers) when there is insufficient information to calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD). Alternatively, this method is useful for determining the expected heat ...
The film temperature is often used as the temperature at which fluid properties are calculated when using the Prandtl number, Nusselt number, Reynolds number or Grashof number to calculate a heat transfer coefficient, because it is a reasonable first approximation to the temperature within the convection boundary layer.