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Palladium is also used in electronics, dentistry, medicine, hydrogen purification, chemical applications, groundwater treatment, and jewelry. Palladium is a key component of fuel cells, in which hydrogen and oxygen react to produce electricity, heat, and water. Ore deposits of palladium and other PGMs are rare.
Many metals, particularly heavy metals are toxic, but some are essential, and some, such as bismuth, have a low toxicity. Metals in an oxidation state abnormal to the body may also become toxic: chromium(III) is an essential trace element, but chromium(VI) is a carcinogen. Only soluble metal-containing compounds are toxic.
The river water was contaminated with toxic metals including arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and thallium. [2] Cleanup costs may exceed $1.2 billion. [3] A toxic heavy metal is a common but misleading term for a metal-like element noted for its potential toxicity. [4]
Heavy metals are often assumed to be highly toxic or damaging to the environment. [71] Some are, while certain others are toxic only if taken in excess or encountered in certain forms. Inhalation of certain metals, either as fine dust or most commonly as fumes, can also result in a condition called metal fume fever.
Palladium: Silver: Cadmium: ... Because these pigments are potentially toxic, ... Reports of high levels of cadmium use in children's jewelry in 2010 led to a US ...
Implants and prosthetics, including dental repairs, are also an exposure; dental work is the main way in which the general population is sensitized to palladium, and dental workers may get occupational palladium allergies, though cross-sensitization may also be a common way in which people develop an allergy to this fairly rare metal.
Lindlar catalyst is commercially available but can also be created by reducing palladium chloride in a slurry of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and adding lead acetate. [1] [2] A variety of other "catalyst poisons" have been used, including lead oxide and quinoline. [3] The palladium content of the supported catalyst is usually 5% by weight.
Palladium(II) acetate is a chemical compound of palladium described by the formula [Pd(O 2 CCH 3) 2] n, abbreviated [Pd(OAc) 2] n. It is more reactive than the analogous platinum compound . Depending on the value of n, the compound is soluble in many organic solvents and is commonly used as a catalyst for organic reactions.