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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin , adenylate cyclase toxin , filamentous haemagglutinin , pertactin , fimbria , and tracheal cytotoxin .
Two of these (B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica) are also motile. [3] [4] There are about 16 different species of Bordetella likely descending from ancestors who lived in soil and/or water environments. [5] B. pertussis and occasionally B. parapertussis cause pertussis (whooping cough) in humans, and some B. parapertussis strains only colonize ...
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a small, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella. [1] It can cause infectious bronchitis in dogs and other animals, [ 2 ] but rarely infects humans. [ 3 ]
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for causing whooping cough. Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, is also coccobacillus. [26] Coxiella burnetti is also a coccobacillus. [27] [28] Bacteria from the genus Brucella are medically important coccobacilli that cause brucellosis.
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB 5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, [2] which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. [ 3 ]
Whooping cough (/ ˈ h uː p ɪ ŋ / or / ˈ w uː p ɪ ŋ /), also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. [1] [10] Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. [1]
Pertussis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against whooping cough (pertussis). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There are two main types: whole-cell vaccines and acellular vaccines. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The whole-cell vaccine is about 78% effective while the acellular vaccine is 71–85% effective.
Gram-negative bacteria are seen less frequently: Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bordetella pertussis, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common. These bacteria often live in the gut and enter the lungs when contents of the gut (such as vomit or faeces) are inhaled.