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Economic globalization refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital ...
An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time. [1] Quotas, like other trade restrictions, are typically used to benefit the producers of a good in that economy ( protectionism ).
Economic historian Paul Bairoch argued that economic protection was positively correlated with economic and industrial growth during the 19th century. For example, GNP growth during Europe's "liberal period" in the middle of the century (where tariffs were at their lowest), averaged 1.7% per year, while industrial growth averaged 1.8% per year.
The outbreak of World War I during a period of unprecedented globalization and economic interdependence has often been cited as an example of how economic interdependence fails to prevent war or even contributes to it. [20] Other scholars dispute that World War I was a failure for liberal theory. [10] [21]
See: World economy.) In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has existed throughout history (for example Uttarapatha, Silk Road, Amber Road, salt roads), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.
A country has demand for an import when the price of the good (or service) on the world market is less than the price on the domestic market. [ 4 ] The balance of trade , usually denoted N X {\displaystyle NX} , is the difference between the value of all the goods (and services) a country exports and the value of the goods the country imports.
Measuring the balance of trade can be problematic because of problems with recording and collecting data. As an illustration of this problem, when official data for all the world's countries are added up, exports exceed imports by almost 1%; it appears the world is running a positive balance of trade with itself.
Country or region Imports (millions of $) . Year United States 3,375,948 2022 European Union [n 1] 2,743,745 [3]: 2022 China 2,706,601 2022 Germany 1,571,057 2022 Japan ...