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An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time. [1] Quotas, like other trade restrictions, are typically used to benefit the producers of a good in that economy ( protectionism ).
Economic historian Paul Bairoch argued that economic protection was positively correlated with economic and industrial growth during the 19th century. For example, GNP growth during Europe's "liberal period" in the middle of the century (where tariffs were at their lowest), averaged 1.7% per year, while industrial growth averaged 1.8% per year.
Economic globalization refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital ...
The outbreak of World War I during a period of unprecedented globalization and economic interdependence has often been cited as an example of how economic interdependence fails to prevent war or even contributes to it. [20] Other scholars dispute that World War I was a failure for liberal theory. [10] [21]
Import substitution was heavily practiced during the mid-20th century as a form of developmental theory that advocated increased productivity and economic gains within a country. It was an inward-looking economic theory practiced by developing nations after World War II. Many economists then considered the ISI approach as a remedy to mass ...
Measuring the balance of trade can be problematic because of problems with recording and collecting data. As an illustration of this problem, when official data for all the world's countries are added up, exports exceed imports by almost 1%; it appears the world is running a positive balance of trade with itself.
A country has demand for an import when the price of the good (or service) on the world market is less than the price on the domestic market. [ 4 ] The balance of trade , usually denoted N X {\displaystyle NX} , is the difference between the value of all the goods (and services) a country exports and the value of the goods the country imports.
Country Imports (millions of $) . Year United States 3,375,948 2022 European Union [n 1] 2,743,745 [3]: 2022 China 2,706,601 2022 Germany 1,571,057 2022 Japan 898,099 ...