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The superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD or SSPD) is a type of optical and near-infrared single-photon detector based on a current-biased superconducting nanowire. [1] It was first developed by scientists at Moscow State Pedagogical University and at the University of Rochester in 2001.
Schematic of silicon nanowire. Silicon nanowires, also referred to as SiNWs, are a type of semiconductor nanowire most often formed from a silicon precursor by etching of a solid or through catalyzed growth from a vapor or liquid phase. Such nanowires have promising applications in lithium-ion batteries, thermoelectrics and sensors.
Nanowire lasers can be grown site-selectively on Si/SOI wafers with conventional MBE techniques, allowing for pristine structural quality without defects. Nanowire lasers using the group-III nitride and ZnO materials systems have been demonstrated to emit in the visible and ultraviolet, however infrared at the 1.3–1.55 μm is important for telecommunication bands. [3]
As a nanowire shrinks in size, the surface atoms become more numerous compared to the atoms within the nanowire, and edge effects become more important. [citation needed] The conductance in a nanowire is described as the sum of the transport by separate channels, each having a different electronic wavefunction normal to the wire. The thinner ...
In color cameras where more amplification is used in the blue color channel than in the green or red channel, there can be more noise in the blue channel. [5] At higher exposures, however, image sensor noise is dominated by shot noise, which is not Gaussian and not independent of signal intensity. Also, there are many Gaussian denoising ...
Fixed-pattern noise (FPN) is the term given to a particular noise pattern on digital imaging sensors often noticeable during longer exposure shots where particular pixels are susceptible to giving brighter intensities above the average intensity.
Full-spectrum photography is a subset of multispectral imaging, defined among photography enthusiasts as imaging with consumer cameras the full, broad spectrum of a film or camera sensor bandwidth. In practice, specialized broadband/full-spectrum film captures visible and near infrared light, commonly referred to as the "VNIR". [1]
This active pixel sensor is found in several Sony mobile phones and cameras as well as Apple's iPhone 4s and 5. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Originally, Exmor R was limited to smaller sensors for camcorders , compact cameras and mobile phones , but the Sony ILCE-7RM2 full-frame camera introduced on the 10 June 2015 features an Exmor R sensor as well.