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Dibromochloromethane is also a disinfection byproduct, formed by the reaction of chlorine with natural organic matter and bromide ions in the raw water supply. As a result, it is commonly found in chlorinated drinking water.
Bromodichloromethane is a trihalomethane with formula C H Br Cl 2.It is a colorless, nonflammable liquid which will dissolve in water, or evaporate in air. [1] Most of the chemical is produced through the chlorine disinfection process, [1] and as a result it can occur in municipally-treated drinking water. [2]
Bromochloromethane or methylene bromochloride and Halon 1011 is a mixed halomethane.It is a heavy low-viscosity liquid with refractive index 1.4808.. Halon 1011 was invented for use in fire extinguishers in Germany during the mid-1940s, in an attempt to create a less toxic, more effective alternative to carbon tetrachloride.
The EPA limits the total concentration of the four chief constituents (chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane), referred to as total trihalomethanes (TTHM), to 80 parts per billion in treated water. [6] Traces of chloroform are produced in swimming pools. [7] [8] [9] [10]
Dibromomethane is prepared commercially from dichloromethane via bromochloromethane: . 6 CH 2 Cl 2 + 3 Br 2 + 2 Al → 6 CH 2 BrCl + 2 AlCl 3 CH 2 Cl 2 + HBr → CH 2 BrCl + HCl. The latter route requires aluminium trichloride as a catalyst. [3]
This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odor is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is slightly polar, ...
Bromoform was discovered in 1832 by Löwig who distilled a mixture of bromal and potassium hydroxide, as analogous to preparation of chloroform from chloral. [5]Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
Chronic exposure to both bromoform and dibromochloromethane can cause liver and kidney cancer, as well as heart disease, unconsciousness, or death in high doses. [19] Due to the potential carcinogenicity of these compounds, drinking water regulations across the developed world require regular monitoring of the concentration of these compounds ...