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Where element names the HTML element type, and attribute is the name of the attribute, set to the provided value. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting of certain characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML). [2] [3] Leaving attribute values unquoted is considered unsafe. [4]
Most of the attributes of an element are name–value pairs, separated by = and written within the start tag of an element after the element's name. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting of certain characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML).
Informally, HTML elements are sometimes referred to as "tags" (an example of synecdoche), though many prefer the term tag strictly in reference to the markup delimiting the start and end of an element. Element (and attribute) names may be written in any combination of upper or lower case in HTML, but must be in lower case in XHTML. [8]
Meta elements can be used to specify page description, keywords and any other metadata not provided through the other head elements and attributes. [1] The meta element has two uses: either to emulate the use of an HTTP response header field, or to embed additional metadata within the HTML document. With HTML up to and including HTML 4.01 and ...
For these reasons, and in support of a more semantic web, attributes attached to elements within HTML should describe their semantic purpose, rather than merely their intended display properties in one particular medium.
The role attribute is used to define an element's role on a page. When sectioning elements were introduced, the role attribute became used less for landmarking. This is because roles were applied by default to most sectioning elements, therefore, they were more widely used and accepted for their simplicity.
In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
In HTML DOM (Document Object Model), every element is a node: [4] A document is a document node. All HTML elements are element nodes. All HTML attributes are attribute nodes. Text inserted into HTML elements are text nodes. Comments are comment nodes.