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The 2.5 L (2488 cc) PR25DD has a bore and stroke of 89 mm × 100 mm (3.5 in × 3.9 in) with a compression ratio of 12.0:1. [3] Compared with its predecessor, the QR25DE, it has an increased compression ratio, iron mirror-finish bore coatings instead of cast-iron cylinder liners, and a resin intake port insert to insulate charge air from heat from the cylinder head.
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1919 Napier Lion II aircraft engine with three cylinder banks. Any design of motor/engine,be it a V or a boxer can be called an "in-line" if it's mounted in-line with the frame/chassis and in-line with the direction of travel of the vehicle.When the motor/engine is across the frame/chassis this is called a TRANSVERSE motor.Cylinder arrangement is not in the description of how the motor/engine ...
The QR25DE is a 2.5 L (2,488 cc) variant built with cast steel connecting rods, a steel timing chain, counter-rotating balance shafts, and an aluminum intake manifold. The engine bore and stroke is 89 mm × 100 mm (3.50 in × 3.94 in) and a compression ratio ranging from 9.5:1 to 10.5:1 depending on the vehicle.
The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout [1]: pp. 13–16 (with the exceptions of the flat-four engines produced by Subaru and Porsche) [2] and the layout is also very common in motorcycles and other machinery. Therefore the term "four-cylinder engine" is usually synonymous with straight-four engines.
All engines developed within this family have aluminium cylinder block and head, 4 valves per cylinder, double overhead camshaft layouts, and MIVEC continuous variable valve timing. All variations of 4B1 engine share the same engine block with a 96 mm bore pitch. The difference in displacement is achieved by variance in bore and stroke. [4]
A 2.5 L version of the AR family, first released in the RAV4 in the U.S. and Canada in 2008. [3] This engine also replaced the 2AZ-FE in the U.S. and Canada Camry in early 2009, giving 11% better fuel economy. [4] The engine service mass is 324 lb (147 kg) that includes the oil and coolant fully filled.
Excessive hammer blow from high slipping speeds was a cause of kinked rails with new North American 4–6–4s and 4–8–4s that followed the 1934 A.A.R. recommendation to balance 40% of the reciprocating weight. [8] Out-of-balance inertia forces in the wheel can cause different vertical oscillations depending on the track stiffness.