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The gender pay gap refers to the median annual pay of all woman who work full-time and year-round, thus compared to the pay of a similar background of men. [77] There is not one reason behind this gender pay gap, rather the pay gap is a result of many factors that cannot be apparent to the general public.
However, a 2018 study analyzing the pay gap of Uber drivers showed the existence of a 7% gender disparity in hourly wages in a context where gender discrimination was impossible at the employer level (contracts and algorithms were gender blind) and where there was no evidence of discrimination at the rider level.
Gender research has heavily focused on the interaction between gender and the economy. Typically, research in this area involves the issue of the gender pay gap.Another aspect of gender research in economics is the less studied issue of gender-based price disparities in the cost of goods and services across different industries.
For example, they highlight research that suggests male students "gender" good academic performance. [12] While studies have demonstrated the disparities between male and female students in STEM, a study by the American Association of University Women shows the unequal distribution of male students in subjects like English and the Arts. [13]
The book connects international economic development with gender inequality. [13] [14] Fernández-Kelly described the relationship among changing gender definitions and economic development in the United States and Mexico. She focused on the role that the national state in both countries plays in defining the proper ambit and behavior of men ...
A 2008 study of three US district courts gave some explanations for gender disparity in sentencing: 1) that women are sentenced more leniently than men because they are convicted of less serious crimes and have less serious criminal records than men; that judges take personal factors relating to defendants (e.g. family responsibilities) into ...
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The gender gap in mathematics is particularly large among the highest-achieving students; for example, there is a 2.1 to 1 male-female ratio among students who score an 800 on the math portion of the SAT. [21] At least one study has challenged the existence of the gender gap in mathematics.