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The excessive pressure damages the endothelial layer and the blood–brain barrier, leading to swelling (edema). The predilection toward the posterior brain may be explained by the reduced density of sympathetic innervation in the posterior circulation compared to the anterior circulation (thus a reduced adaptive capacity to fluctuations or ...
Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [1] Onset is generally sudden. [1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [1] [3]
[2] [6] It may be supported by blood ammonia levels, an electroencephalogram, or computer tomography (CT scan) of the brain. [4] [6] Hepatic encephalopathy is possibly reversible with treatment. [1] This typically involves supportive care and addressing the triggers of the event. [4] Lactulose is frequently used to decrease ammonia levels. [1]
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS type 1 and type 2), sometimes referred to by the hyponyms reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND), is a rare and severe form of neuroinflammatory and dysautonomic disorder causing chronic pain, neurovascular, and neuropathic symptoms.
A meta-analysis of current studies showed that 31% of those affected by ischemic strokes developed cerebral edema in 31% of cases. [10] In traumatic brain injuries, cerebral edema occurred in greater than 60% of those with mass lesions, and in 15% of those with initial normal CT scans. [53]
Europe and other parts of the world use the ICD-10. The root codes for ICD-10 and ICD-10-CM are the same, making it helpful for locating codes for general body systems and disease processes. [2] [3] In ICD-11 the search and coding of any disease, including rare ones is done via the ICD-11 website. [4]
These factors cause the brain to swell with fluid, resulting in severe impairment. [15] If the swelling is untreated, it causes death by brain herniation. [4] The brain swelling is likely a result of vasogenic edema, the penetration of the blood–brain barrier by fluids. [16] This process has been observed in MRI studies.
Both biopsy samples and various types of brain scans have shown an increased water content of the brain tissue. It remains unclear why this might be the case. [5] The third theory suggests that restricted venous drainage from the brain may be impaired resulting in congestion. Many people with IIH have narrowing of the transverse sinuses. [15]