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One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency treatment is a platelet count below 50,000/μL. [5] Thrombocytopenia can be contrasted with the conditions associated with an abnormally high level of platelets in the blood – thrombocythemia (when the cause is unknown), and thrombocytosis (when the cause is known).
Consequently, differential diagnosis of these TMA diseases is essential. Both TTP and HUS are characterized by fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and neurological symptoms. Generally, TTP has higher rates of neurological symptoms (≤80%) and lower rates of renal symptoms (9%) than HUS (10–20% and 90%, respectively). [38]
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare autosomal recessive bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, which can progress to aplastic anemia and leukemia. [4] CAMT usually manifests as thrombocytopenia in the initial month of life or in the fetal phase.
Scientific literature sometimes excludes thrombocytosis from the scope of thrombophilia by definition, [4] but practically, by the definition of thrombophilia as an increased predisposition to thrombosis, [5] [6] thrombocytosis (especially primary thrombocytosis) is a potential cause of thrombophilia.
Diagnosis is done by the help of symptoms and only blood count abnormality is thrombocytopenia. [citation needed]
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is the development of thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count), due to the administration of various forms of heparin, an anticoagulant. HIT predisposes to thrombosis (the abnormal formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel ).
The diagnosis requires the presence of both A criteria together with B3 to B6, or of criterion A1 together with B1 to B6. [14] The criteria are as follows: [14] A1. Platelet count > 400 × 10 3 /μL for at least 2 months. A2. Acquired V617F JAK2 mutation present; B1. No cause for a reactive thrombocytosis normal inflammatory indices; B2.
Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) or spurious thrombocytopenia is an in-vitro sampling problem which may mislead the diagnosis towards the more critical condition of thrombocytopenia. The phenomenon may occur when the anticoagulant used while testing the blood sample causes clumping of platelets which mimics a low platelet count. [ 1 ]
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