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Tiotropium was patented in 1989, and approved for medical use in 2002. [12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [13] In 2022, it was the 154th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. [14] [15]
For example, 0.4 oz (11 g) of baker's chocolate would be enough to produce mild symptoms in a 20 lb (9.1 kg) dog, while a 25% cacao chocolate bar (like milk chocolate) would be only 25% as toxic as the same dose of baker's chocolate. [15] One ounce of milk chocolate per pound of body weight (63 g/kg) is a potentially lethal dose in dogs. [14]
The median lethal dose of theobromine for dogs is 100–200 mg/kg (0.0016–0.0032 oz/lb); therefore, a 10 kg (22 lb) dog would need to consume a minimum of 200 g (7.1 oz) of the most theobromine-rich (5 g/kg (0.080 oz/lb)) dark chocolate, or a maximum of 1 kg (2.2 lb) (of theobromine-rich milk chocolate), to have a 50% chance of receiving a ...
Kleiber's plot comparing body size to metabolic rate for a variety of species. [1]Kleiber's law, named after Max Kleiber for his biology work in the early 1930s, states, after many observation that, for a vast number of animals, an animal's Basal Metabolic Rate scales to the 3 ⁄ 4 power of the animal's mass.
To find out your dog's "real" age, you need to find the natural logarithm of your dog's current age (that's where the calculator comes in handy), then multiply that number by 16 and add 31. Here's ...
The parameter also indicates the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance would be completely removed per unit time. Usually, clearance is measured in L/h or mL/min. [2] Excretion, on the other hand, is a measurement of the amount of a substance removed from the body per unit time (e.g., mg/min, μg/min, etc.). While clearance and ...
Dogs that received one meal per day had fewer disorders of their dental, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, kidney, and urinary systems. [12] [13] Diet — There are some disagreements regarding the ideal diet. Commonly, senior dogs are fed commercially manufactured senior dog food diets.
The procedure is to take the child's weight in pounds, divide by 150 lb, and multiply the fractional result by the adult dose to find the equivalent child dosage.For example, if an adult dose of medication calls for 30 mg and the child weighs 30 lb, divide the weight by 150 (30/150) to obtain 1/5 and multiply 1/5 times 30 mg to get 6 mg.