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Fundal height, or McDonald's rule, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy. It is measured from the top of the mother's uterus to the top of the mother's pubic symphysis.
Women in Europe and the United States tend to have higher pre-term body weight and have increased gestational weight during pregnancy compared to women in east Asia. [46] Thus, women in Europe and the United States, with higher gestational weight gain, tend to have higher associated risk of LGA infants, macrosomia and cesarean. [46]
Pregnant women fall at a similar rate (27%) to women over age of 70 years (28%). Most of the falls (64%) occur during the second trimester. Additionally, two-thirds of falls are associated with walking on slippery floors, rushing, or carrying an object. [38] The root causes for these falls are not well known.
An AFI between 8 and 18 cm is considered normal. [5] Median AFI level is approximately 14 cm from week 20 to week 35, [6] when the amniotic fluid begins to reduce in preparation for birth. An AFI smaller than 5–6 cm is considered as oligohydramnios. [3] The exact number can vary by gestational age.
Estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels throughout pregnancy. Estrogen, progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) levels during pregnancy in women. [ 1 ] The dashed vertical lines separate the trimesters .
The term Advanced maternal age is used to describe women who are over 35 during pregnancy. [29] [30] Women who give birth over the age of 35 are more likely to experience complications ranging from preterm birth [30] [29] [31] and delivery by Caesarean section, [30] [31] to an increased risk of giving birth to a child with chromosomal ...
Pregnancy rates did not change notably between the 27–29 age group and the 30–34 age group, but dropped significantly for the 35–39 age group. [ 14 ] The age of the male partner had a significant impact on female fertility among the women who had reached their mid-30s, but not among the younger women.
The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) recommends that pregnant women have routine obstetric ultrasounds between 18 weeks' and 22 weeks' gestational age (the anatomy scan) in order to confirm pregnancy dating, to measure the fetus so that growth abnormalities can be recognized quickly later in pregnancy ...