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A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is an instance of bleeding from the nose. [1] Blood can flow down into the stomach, and cause nausea and vomiting. [8] In more severe cases, blood may come out of both nostrils. [9] Rarely, bleeding may be so significant that low blood pressure occurs. [1]
The exact mechanism for the formation of hematoma from nasal trauma is controversial, but thought to occur in nasal septal hematomas when there is forced to the nasal cartilage. The force causes the perichondrial blood vessels to leak and rupture in the nasal septum. [7] The cartilage in the septum is avascular and can be 2–4 mm thick.
The most common causes include assault, trauma during sports, falls, and motor vehicle collisions. [1] Diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms and may occasionally be confirmed by plain X-ray. [1] Treatment is typically with pain medication and cold compresses. [1]
[3] [4] It is the usual site for nosebleeds in children and young adults. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] A physician may use a nasal speculum to see that an anterior nosebleed comes from Kiesselbach's plexus. [ 6 ]
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Aldroubi sign "The liquid in CSF rhinorrhea is thin and clear, and an affected person might notice a sweet or salty taste due to the increased glucose and electrolytes present in cerebrospinal fluid so some affected toddlers and young children tend to lick their nose frequently".
Conidiobolomycosis is a rare long-term fungal infection that is typically found just under the skin of the nose, sinuses, cheeks and upper lips. [3] [4] It may present with a nose bleed or a blocked or runny nose. [4]
The human nose is the first organ of the respiratory system.It is also the principal organ in the olfactory system.The shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the nasal septum, which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two.