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  2. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_tibial_tendon...

    Stage 1: Tendon is intact, but damaged. Stage 2: Tendon has ruptured. Foot begins to deform. Stage 3: The foot is significantly deformed. Cartilage begins to degenerate. Stage 4: Ankle joint begins to degenerate. [1] In early stages, patients will describe foot and ankle pain. Swelling will also be present.

  3. Knee examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_examination

    Similar to anterior drawer test, the knee should be flexed 90 degrees and the tibia is pushed backwards. If the tibia can be pushed posteriorly, then the posterior drawer test is positive. In tibial sag test, both knees are flexed at 90 degrees with the person in supine position and bilateral feet touching the bed.

  4. Posterior cruciate ligament injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_cruciate...

    The PCL is located within the knee joint where it stabilizes the articulating bones, particularly the femur and the tibia, during movement.It originates from the lateral edge of the medial femoral condyle and the roof of the intercondyle notch [5] then stretches, at a posterior and lateral angle, toward the posterior of the tibia just below its articular surface.

  5. Drawer test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawer_test

    The thumbs are placed along the joint line on either side of the patellar tendon. The tibia is then drawn forward anteriorly. An increased amount of anterior tibial translation compared with the opposite limb or lack of a firm end-point may indicate either a sprain of the anteromedial bundle or complete tear of the ACL. [2] If the tibia pulls ...

  6. Posterolateral corner injuries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_Corner_Injuries

    Dial Test (posterolateral rotation test) - The dial test can be performed with a patient lying supine or prone. With the patient supine and the knees flexed 30° off the table, stabilize the thigh and externally rotate the foot. As the foot rotates, watch for external rotation of the tibial tubercle of the affected knee compared to the healthy ...

  7. Unhappy triad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unhappy_triad

    A typical surgery for a blown knee includes: Patellar tendon autograft (An autograft is a graft that comes from the patient) Hamstring tendon autograft; Quadriceps tendon autograft; Allograft (taken from a cadaver) patellar tendon, Achilles tendon, semitendinosus, gracilis, or posterior tibialis tendon

  8. Tibialis posterior muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibialis_posterior_muscle

    The tibialis posterior muscle originates on the inner posterior border of the fibula laterally. [2] It is also attached to the interosseous membrane medially, which attaches to the tibia and fibula. [2] The tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle (sometimes called the posterior tibial tendon) descends posterior to the medial malleolus. [2]

  9. Knee dislocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_dislocation

    A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [3] [4] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [2] Complications may include injury to an artery, most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee, or compartment syndrome. [3] [4] [7]