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Woodpeckers tend to be sexually dimorphic, but differences between the sexes are generally small; exceptions to this are Williamson's sapsucker and the orange-backed woodpecker, which differ markedly. The plumage is moulted fully once a year apart from the wrynecks, which have an additional partial moult before breeding. [8]
Holes left by a sapsucker As their name implies, sapsuckers feed primarily on the sap of trees , moving among different tree and shrub species on a seasonal basis. Insects , especially those attracted to the sweet sap exuding from sap holes, are often captured and fed to the young during the breeding season.
The female lays between 2 and 7 eggs, which are plain white. The eggs are incubated by both sexes, but the nesting period and other details are unknown. Like most other woodpeckers the ladder-backed woodpecker bores into tree-trunks with its chisel-like bill to hunt for insects and their larva, but it also feeds on fruit produced by cacti.
This bird lays a clutch of four to seven eggs, with clutches being larger for birds in the northern part of the range. [11] The eggs themselves are white and spotless, measuring around 24 by 17 millimetres (0.94 by 0.67 in). [17] During egg laying, the female is dominant, sometimes driving the male away from the nest. [22]
These birds drum to establish territories. This species may be declining in some parts of its range due to habitat loss. This woodpecker is associated with mature larch forests in south-central British Columbia; less than 500 individuals breed in Canada. The habitat for this species is rapidly disappearing due to forest harvesting.
The red-naped sapsucker is a medium-sized woodpecker, [11] measuring 19–21 cm (7.5–8.3 in) long and weighing 32–66 g (1.1–2.3 oz). [12] Adults have a black head with a red forehead, white stripes, and a red spot on the nape; they have a white lower belly and rump.
Lewis's woodpecker nests in a cavity excavated from a dead tree branch. The Lewis's woodpecker, however, will not excavate its own cavity, but instead nest in a pre-existing cavity in a tree. The nest are usually made around 1 to 52 meters high from the ground. [15] The female will lay between 5 and 9 eggs, which are plain white in coloration.
The reddish tinge on the belly that gives the bird its name is difficult to see in field identification. [7] White patches become visible on the wings in flight. [8] Red-bellied woodpeckers are 22.85 to 26.7 cm (9.00 to 10.51 in) long, have a wingspan of 38 to 46 cm (15 to 18 in), [7] and weigh 2.0–3.2 oz (57–91 g). [9]