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Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals.This process is often known as "coal to X" or "carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbon-based products.
Cannel coal from the Pennsylvanian of NE Ohio. Cannel coal or candle coal is a type of bituminous coal, [1] also classified as terrestrial type oil shale. [2] [3] [4] Due to its physical morphology and low mineral content cannel coal is considered to be coal but by its texture and composition of the organic matter it is considered to be oil shale. [5]
Coal can be converted directly into synthetic fuels equivalent to gasoline or diesel by hydrogenation or carbonization. [100] Coal liquefaction emits more carbon dioxide than liquid fuel production from crude oil. Mixing in biomass and using carbon capture and storage (CCS) would emit slightly less than the oil process but at a high cost. [101]
Opencast coal mining recovers a greater proportion of the coal deposit than underground methods, as more of the coal seams in the strata may be exploited. This equipment can include the following: Draglines which operate by removing the overburden, power shovels, large trucks in which transport overburden and coal, bucket wheel excavators, and ...
The UK patent office have advised that the full patent application GB2501074 by Portman Energy be published 16 October 2013. A wide variety of coals are amenable to the UCG process and coal grades from lignite through to bituminous may be successfully gasified. A great many factors are taken into account in selecting appropriate locations for ...
Known as the Eastman Integrated Coal Gasification facility, it first opened in 1983 and is designed to process syngas from the gasification of Southwest Virginia and Eastern Kentucky coal, using Texaco gasifiers (now GE gasifier technology [15]). The intermediate products of syngas conversion are methanol and CO; these are further converted ...
The light organic compounds may reduce the purity of the syngas, while the tars may accumulate in downstream pipelines and instruments. For example, the carbon efficiency using the coal CLG fluidized bed reducer may vary from 55% to 81%, [25] whereas the carbon efficiency using the coal moving bed reducer can reach 85% to 98%. [26]
Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on the planet, and widely used as the source of energy in thermal power stations and is a relatively cheap fuel. Coal is an impure fuel and produces more greenhouse gas and pollution than an equivalent amount of petroleum or natural gas. For instance, the operation of a 1000-MWe coal-fired power plant ...