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A CATI PEMS being strapped down inside a vehicle. A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) is a vehicle emissions testing device that is small and light enough to be carried inside or moved with a motor vehicle that is being driven during testing, rather than on the stationary rollers of a dynamometer that only simulates real-world driving.
Hemispherical electron energy analyzer. A hemispherical electron energy analyzer or hemispherical deflection analyzer is a type of electron energy spectrometer generally used for applications where high energy resolution is needed—different varieties of electron spectroscopy such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron ...
2 emissions are measured in pounds per hour using both an SO 2 pollutant concentration monitor and a volumetric flow monitor. For NO x, both a NO x pollutant concentration monitor and a diluent gas monitor are used to determine the emissions rate in weight per volume or weight per heat value (for example lbs/million Btu, lbs/ft 3, kg/kWh or kg ...
ICP Plasma "torch". The ICP-AES is composed of two parts: the ICP and the optical spectrometer.The ICP torch consists of 3 concentric quartz glass tubes. [2] The output or "work" coil of the radio frequency (RF) generator surrounds part of this quartz torch.
1 Nm 3 of any gas (measured at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure) equals 37.326 scf of that gas (measured at 60 °F and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure). 1 kmol of any ideal gas equals 22.414 Nm 3 of that gas at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure ... and 1 lbmol of any ideal gas equals 379.482 scf of that gas at 60 °F and ...
RF emission and susceptibility: Radio frequency energy: -- radiated emissions and radiated susceptibility via an electromagnetic reverberation chamber. 22.0 and 23.0 Lightning susceptibility: Direct and indirect effects depending on mounting location; includes induced transients into the airframe or wire bundle. 24.0 Icing
[4] [5] [6] The hemispheres of the energy analyzer are kept at constant voltages so that the central trajectory is followed by electrons that have the kinetic energy equal to the set pass energy; those with higher or lower energies end up closer to the outer or the inner hemisphere at the other end of the analyzer.
In a photoionization detector, high-energy photons, typically in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range, break molecules into positively charged ions. [2] As compounds enter the detector they are bombarded by high-energy UV photons and are ionized when they absorb the UV light, resulting in ejection of electrons and the formation of positively charged ions.