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In Aristotle's Metaphysics, he describes how Socrates, the friend and teacher of Plato, turned philosophy to human questions, whereas pre-Socratic philosophy had only been theoretical. Ethics, Aristotle claimed, is practical rather than theoretical , in the Aristotelian senses of these terms.
Aristotle was not a contemporary of Socrates; he studied under Plato at the latter's Academy for twenty years. [29] Aristotle treats Socrates without the bias of Xenophon and Plato, who had an emotional tie with Socrates, and he scrutinizes Socrates's doctrines as a philosopher. [30] Aristotle was familiar with the various written and unwritten ...
Alexamenus of Teos – According to a fragment of Aristotle, he was the first author of a Socratic dialogue, but we do not know anything else about him, whether Socrates appeared in his works, or how accurate Aristotle was in his antagonistic judgement about him. Aeschines of Sphettos; Antisthenes; Aristippus [7] Aristotle; Phaedo of Elis ...
Since Aristippus valued pleasure more than Socrates did and found less intrinsic value in virtue, other philosophers, like Plato and Xenophon, supported as well as initiated the accusation that Aristippus had defied and had strayed from Socrates' philosophical teachings. [1] Aristotle is also noted for calling him a sophist. [9]
The term is considered useful because what came to be known as the "Athenian school" (composed of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle) signaled the rise of a new approach to philosophy; Friedrich Nietzsche's thesis that this shift began with Plato rather than with Socrates (hence his nomenclature of "pre-Platonic philosophy") has not prevented the ...
Plato is depicted pointing upwards, in reference to his belief in the higher Forms, while Aristotle disagrees and gestures downwards to the here-and-now, in reference to his belief in empiricism. The topic of Aristotle's criticism of Plato's Theory of Forms is a large one and continues to expand. Rather than quote Plato, Aristotle often summarized.
student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle; famous for the Theory of Forms: Plotinus: c. 204 – 270 Neoplatonic: Plutarch: c. 46 – 120 Middle Platonist: Plutarch of Athens: c. 350 – 430 Neoplatonic: Polemarchus: Polemon of Athens: Stoic: Polemon of Athens (scholarch) before 314 - 270/269 BC Academic: Polemon of Laodicea: Sophist: Polus ...
The distinction between what is normal, or by nature, and what is "accidental", or not by nature, is important in Aristotle's understanding of nature. As pointed out by Sedley, "Aristotle is happy to say (Physics II 8, 199a33-b4) without the slightest fear of blasphemy, crafts make occasional mistakes; therefore, by analogy, so can nature."