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In an EEPROM that is frequently reprogrammed, the life of the EEPROM is an important design consideration. Flash memory is a type of EEPROM designed for high speed and high density, at the expense of large erase blocks (typically 512 bytes or larger) and limited number of write cycles (often 10,000). There is no clear boundary dividing the two ...
A computer's firmware may be manually updated by a user via a small utility program. In contrast, firmware in mass storage devices (hard-disk drives, optical disc drives, flash memory storage e.g. solid state drive) is less frequently updated, even when flash memory (rather than ROM, EEPROM) storage is used for the firmware.
Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power supply has been turned off and back on is called non-volatile. It is an array of floating-gate transistors individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies higher voltages than those normally used in digital circuits.
2GL—second-generation programming language; 2NF—second normal form; 3GL—third-generation programming language; 3GPP—3rd Generation Partnership Project – 3G comms; 3GPP2—3rd Generation Partnership Project 2; 3NF—third normal form; 386—Intel 80386 processor; 486—Intel 80486 processor; 4B5BLF—4-bit 5-bit local fiber
In later computer systems, the BIOS contents are stored on flash memory so it can be rewritten without removing the chip from the motherboard. This allows easy, end-user updates to the BIOS firmware so new features can be added or bugs can be fixed, but it also creates a possibility for the computer to become infected with BIOS rootkits.
Programming is often done before the device is installed in its target system, typically an embedded system. The programming is permanent, and further changes require the replacement of the device. Data is stored by physically altering (burning) storage sites in the device. An EPROM is an erasable ROM that can be changed more than once. However ...
In 1993, the introduction of EEPROM memory allowed microcontrollers (beginning with the Microchip PIC16C84) [8] to be electrically erased quickly without an expensive package as required for EPROM, allowing both rapid prototyping, and in-system programming. (EEPROM technology had been available prior to this time, [9] but the earlier EEPROM was ...
An Altera MAX 7000-series CPLD with 2500 gates. Die of an Altera EPM7032 EEPROM-based CPLD.Die size 3446x2252 μm. Technology node 1 μm. A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity between that of PALs and FPGAs, and architectural features of both.