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The siemens (symbol: S) is the unit of electric conductance, electric susceptance, and electric admittance in the International System of Units (SI). Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the reciprocals of resistance, reactance, and impedance respectively; hence one siemens is equal to the reciprocal of one ohm (Ω −1) and is also referred to as the mho.
More generally encountered is the traditional unit of μS/cm. The commonly used standard cell has a width of 1 cm, and thus for very pure water in equilibrium with air would have a resistance of about 10 6 ohms, known as a megohm. Ultra-pure water could achieve 18 megohms or more. Thus in the past, megohm-cm was used, sometimes abbreviated to ...
where is the length of the conductor, measured in metres (m), A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor measured in square metres (m 2), σ is the electrical conductivity measured in siemens per meter (S·m −1), and ρ is the electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance) of the material, measured in ohm-metres (Ω ...
The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For example, if a 1 m 3 solid cube of material has sheet contacts on two opposite faces, and the resistance between these contacts is 1 Ω , then the resistivity of the material is 1 Ω⋅m .
j is the imaginary unit (i.e. j 2 = −1); and B is the real-valued susceptance, measured in siemens. The admittance ( Y ) is the reciprocal of the impedance ( Z ), if the impedance is not zero:
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Admittance Y, measured in siemens, is defined as the inverse of impedance Z, measured in ohms: Y ≡ 1 Z {\displaystyle Y\equiv {\frac {1}{Z}}} Resistance is a measure of the opposition of a circuit to the flow of a steady current, while impedance takes into account not only the resistance but also dynamic effects (known as reactance ).