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The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, [1] abbreviated in English as CEFR, CEF, or CEFRL, is a guideline used to describe achievements of learners of foreign languages across Europe and, increasingly, in other countries.
B1 Preliminary is an intermediate-level qualification and is designed for learners who have mastered the basic of English and now have practical language skills for everyday use. It is targeted at Level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
For Spanish, telc gGmbH offers exams at four CEFR levels (A1, A2, B1 and B2). At A2 level candidates can choose from TELC Español A2 (for learners after completing an average of 250 – 300 teaching units) or TELC Español A2 Escuela which is designed for school pupils aged about 12 to 16 (in classes 7 to 10).
The Oxford Test of English and Oxford Test of English for Schools certify at A2, B1, and B2 levels. The Oxford Test of English Advanced certifies at B2 and C1. Test takers who do not achieve a certified CEFR level receive an indicative ‘Below’ level. The table below shows the standardised scores, CEFR levels and indicative ‘Below’ levels:
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the levels stabilised and the suite of exams we recognise today became established. A five-level system was developed, which characterises Cambridge English's general English exams to the present day and laid the foundations for the levels in the CEFR. [61] [62] Level 1: the Key English Test (KET) was launched in 1994.
The Oxford Placement Test (OPT), also called the Oxford Online Placement Test (OOPT), is an on demand computer-adaptive test of the English language for non-native speakers of English, reporting at Pre-A1, A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 levels of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
The CEFR is a broad reference scale whereas the Cambridge English Scale is a more detailed scale, which may be useful for the practical purposes described above, such as identifying a learner’s areas for improvement, stating the precise level of language skills needed for higher education or employment and providing comparability of results.