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Dissociative identity disorder; Other names: Multiple personality disorder Split personality disorder: Specialty: Psychiatry, clinical psychology: Symptoms: At least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states, [1] recurrent episodes of dissociative amnesia, [1] inexplicable intrusions into consciousness (e.g., voices, intrusive thoughts, impulses, trauma-related beliefs), [1] [2 ...
Dissociative disorders most often develop as a way to cope with psychological trauma. People with dissociative disorders were commonly subjected to chronic physical, sexual, or emotional abuse as children (or, less frequently, an otherwise frightening or highly unpredictable home environment).
In some cases, individuals may assume a new identity and be unable to recall personal information from before the onset of symptoms. [2] It is classified as a mental and behavioral disorder [ 3 ] and is variously categorized as a dissociative disorder , [ 1 ] a conversion disorder , [ 3 ] or a somatic symptom disorder .
When being diagnosed with OSDD, a clinician may specify in the client's file more detail on the diagnosis. An example would be specifying "OSDD (dissociative trance)". A common misconception with the examples listed in the DSM is that they are four "types" of OSDD, but the DSM never actually names the examples as "types" of OSDD, rather lists ...
Symptoms are often deliberately produced or feigned, and may relate to either symptoms in the individual or in someone close to them, particularly people they care for. There are attempts to introduce a category of relational disorder , where the diagnosis is of a relationship rather than on any one individual in that relationship.
Dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) was a mental health diagnosis for pathological dissociation that matched the DSM-IV criteria for a dissociative disorder, but did not fit the full criteria for any of the specifically identified subtypes, and the reasons why the previous diagnoses were not met are specified.
The core symptoms of depersonalization-derealization disorder are the subjective experience of "unreality in one's self", [18] or detachment from one's surroundings. People who are diagnosed with depersonalization also often experience an urge to question and think critically about the nature of reality and existence.
The internalizing disorders, with high levels of negative affectivity, include depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma and stressor-related disorders, and dissociative disorders, [4] [5] bulimia, and anorexia come under this category, [1] as do dysthymia, and somatic disorders (in Huberty 2017) and posttraumatic stress disorder (in Huberty 2004).