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Here, the code under attack is the code that is trying to check the parameter, the very code that might have been trying to validate the parameter to defend against an attack. [ 20 ] Any function that can be used to compose and run a shell command is a potential vehicle for launching a shell injection attack.
Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, [1] is a family of security bugs [2] in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access [3] to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.
New countermeasures, such as using Out-of-band communication, to circumvent form grabbers and Man-in-the-browser are also emerging; examples include FormL3SS.; [7] those that circumvent the threat use a different communication channel to send the sensitive data to the trusted server. Thus, no information is entered on the compromised device.
To use as command and control base, for example as a bot in a botnet system or in way to compromise the security of additional external networks. [ 2 ] Web shells give hackers the ability to steal information, corrupt data, and upload malwares that are more damaging to a system.
Zeus is very difficult to detect even with up-to-date antivirus and other security software as it hides itself using stealth techniques. [5] It is considered that this is the primary reason why the Zeus malware then had become the largest botnet on the Internet: Damballa estimated that the malware infected 3.6 million PCs in the U.S. in 2009. [6]
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Others include randomly moving the cursor slightly; opening up satirical Google searches under Google.co.ck, such as "how to remove a virus" and "how to get money" on the user's web browser; reversing text; and opening various random Microsoft Windows programs, such as the calculator or command prompt.
Agent.btz, a variant of the SillyFDC worm, [4] has the ability "to scan computers for data, open backdoors, and send through those backdoors to a remote command and control server." [ 5 ] It was originally suspected that Chinese or Russian hackers were behind it as they had used the same code that made up agent.btz before in previous attacks.