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Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life— Eukaryota , Archaea , and Bacteria —as well as viruses . [ 2 ]
It is also important for understanding the cycling of nutrients in the environment, and the behavior of microorganisms or actors in various environments. In humans , gut microecology is the study of the microbial ecology of the human gut which includes gut microbiota composition, its metabolic activity, and the interactions between the ...
Effective microorganisms (EM) are essential to the development of sustainable agriculture and consist of a diverse, mixed culture of microorganisms that is naturally occurring in nature. Biopreparations containing effective microorganisms play a crucial role across various sectors, such as environmental protection , food production , and medicine .
Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by microorganisms in geochemical processes. [22] He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. [2]
These bacteria could fix nitrogen, in time multiplied, and as a result released oxygen into the atmosphere. [2] [3] This led to more advanced microorganisms, [4] [5] which are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these ...
Bacteria. In the microbial food web, bacteria play a crucial role in breaking down organic materials and recycling nutrients. They transform DOC into bacterial biomass so that protists and other higher trophic levels can consume it. Additionally, bacteria take part in the nitrogen and carbon cycles, among other biogeochemical cycles. [4] Algae
Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods and treat sewage, and to produce fuel, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds. Microbes are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. Microbes are a vital component of fertile soil.
Microbes can affect the quality of oil and gas deposits through their metabolic processes. [19] Microbes can influence the development of hydrocarbons by being present at the time of deposition of the source sediments or by dispersing through the rock column to colonize reservoir or source lithologies after the generation of hydrocarbons.