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Stalin codified his interpretation of Marxism as Marxism–Leninism, while the totalitarian political system he established is known as Stalinism. Born into a poor Georgian family in Gori, Russian Empire, Stalin attended the Tiflis Theological Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
Stalin was born "Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili" on 18 December [O.S. 6 December] 1878 [2] [a] in the town of Gori, in what is today the country of Georgia. He was baptised on 29 December [O.S. 17 December] 1878 [3] and christened Ioseb, and known by the diminutive "Soso". [4] [b] [5] His parents were Ekaterine (Keke) and Besarion Jughashvili ...
[95] Stalin's Politburo also issued directives on quotas for mass arrests and executions. [96] Under Stalin, the death penalty was extended to adolescents as young as 12 years old in 1935. [97] [98] [99] After that, several trials, known as the Moscow Trials, were held, but the procedures were replicated throughout the country.
The post-Stalin leadership, particularly under Nikita Khrushchev, initiated a de-Stalinization process, leading to a period of liberalization and relative openness known as the Khrushchev Thaw. However, the subsequent era under Leonid Brezhnev , referred to as the Era of Stagnation , was marked by economic decline, political corruption, and a ...
The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953, commonly referred to as the Stalin Era or the Stalinist Era, covers the period in Soviet history from the establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.
Stalin's revelation made Zinoviev, in particular, very unpopular with many inside the Communist Party. Trotsky remained silent throughout this Congress. In early 1926, Zinoviev and Kamenev drew closer to Trotsky and the Left Opposition, forming an alliance that became known as the United Opposition. The United Opposition demanded, among other ...
On 7 November (O.S. 26 October) 1917, Lenin officially proclaimed the existence of the new Bolshevik government, [15] which became known as "Sovnarkom". [16] Stalin was not yet well known to the Russian public, but was included on a list of new People's Commissars—effectively government ministers—under the name of "J. V. Djugashvili-Stalin ...
Stalin, the second major contender, and future leader of the Soviet Union, was the least known, and he was not a popular figure with the masses. [22] Even though he was a Georgian, and he opposed Georgian nationalism, he talked like a Slavophile, which was an advantage. [23]