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The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H 2 O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH −.
In chemistry, molecular autoionization (or self-ionization) is a chemical reaction between molecules of the same substance to produce ions. If a pure liquid partially dissociates into ions, it is said to be self-ionizing. [1]: 163 In most cases the oxidation number on all atoms in such a reaction remains unchanged. Such autoionization can be ...
Autoionization is a process by which an atom or a molecule in an excited state spontaneously emits one of the outer-shell electrons, thus going from a state with charge Z to a state with charge Z + 1, for example from an electrically neutral state to a singly ionized state. [1]
Portable water purification – Self-contained, easily transported units used to purify water from untreated sources; Self-ionization of water – Autoprotolysis or exchange of a proton between two water molecules; Water-in-water emulsion; Water purification – Process of removing impurities from water; Water treatment – Process that ...
Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula H 2 O; one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom. [26] Water is a tasteless, odorless liquid at ambient temperature and pressure. Liquid water has weak absorption bands at wavelengths of around 750 nm which cause it to appear to have a blue color. [4]
The water molecule is amphoteric in aqueous solution. It can either gain a proton to form a hydronium ion H 3 O +, or else lose a proton to form a hydroxide ion OH −. [5] Another possibility is the molecular autoionization reaction between two water molecules, in which one water molecule acts as an acid and another as a base.
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Because water is the solvent, and has an activity of one, the self-ionization constant of water is defined as K w = [ H + ] [ O H − ] {\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {w} }=\mathrm {[H^{+}][OH^{-}]} } It is perfectly legitimate to write [H + ] for the hydronium ion concentration, since the state of solvation of the proton is constant (in dilute ...