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Schematic of an AGC used in the analog telephone network; the feedback from output level to gain is effected via a Vactrol resistive opto-isolator.. Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a suitable signal amplitude at its output, despite variation of the signal amplitude at the input.
Tuning a control loop is the adjustment of its control parameters (proportional band/gain, integral gain/reset, derivative gain/rate) to the optimum values for the desired control response. Stability (no unbounded oscillation) is a basic requirement, but beyond that, different systems have different behavior, different applications have ...
Automatic gain control, AGC (to compensate for attenuation, for example fading). Frequency shifting of the RF signal to the equivalent baseband I and Q signals, or to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, by multiplying the RF signal with a local oscillator sine wave and cosine wave frequency (see the superheterodyne receiver principle).
The ICE can program and debug all AVRs via the JTAG interface, and program with additional interfaces as supported on each device: 8-bit AVR XMEGA devices via the PDI 2-wire interface; 8-bit megaAVR and tinyAVR devices via SPI for all with OCD (on-chip debugger) support; 8-bit tinyAVR microcontrollers with TPI support
If the level is too low, the lamp cools down and increases the gain. The 1939 HP200A oscillator uses this technique. Modern variations may use explicit level detectors and gain-controlled amplifiers. Wien bridge oscillator with automatic gain control. Rb is a small incandescent lamp. Usually, R1 = R2 = R and C1 = C2 = C.
The term has specific meaning within the field of CPU-based automatic control. The discipline of feedforward control as it relates to modern, CPU based automatic controls is widely discussed, but is seldom practiced due to the difficulty and expense of developing or providing for the mathematical model required to facilitate this type of control.
The "P" (proportional) gain, is then increased (from zero) until it reaches the ultimate gain, at which the output of the control loop has stable and consistent oscillations. K u {\displaystyle K_{u}} and the oscillation period T u {\displaystyle T_{u}} are then used to set the P, I, and D gains depending on the type of controller used and ...
A programmable-gain amplifier (PGA) is an electronic amplifier (typically based on an operational amplifier) whose gain can be controlled by external digital or analog signals. The gain can be set from less than 1 V/V to over 100 V/V. [ 1 ] Examples for the external digital signals can be SPI , I²C while the latest PGAs can also be programmed ...