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Dimethylformamide, DMF is an organic compound with the chemical formula H C O N(CH 3) 2. Its structure is HC(=O)−N( −CH 3 ) 2 . Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for dimethylfuran , or dimethyl fumarate ), this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids.
Among the many formylation reagents, particularly important are formic acid and carbon monoxide. [1] A formylation reaction in organic chemistry refers to organic reactions in which an organic compound is functionalized with a formyl group (-CH=O). The reaction is a route to aldehydes (C-CH=O), formamides (N-CH=O), and formate esters (O-CH=O).
Alcohols and amines react with acid halides to produce esters and amides, respectively, in a reaction formally known as the Schotten-Baumann reaction. [19] Acid halides hydrolyze in the presence of water to produce carboxylic acids, but this type of reaction is rarely useful, since carboxylic acids are typically used to synthesize acid halides.
The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the chemical reaction of a substituted formamide (1) with phosphorus oxychloride and an electron-rich arene (3) to produce an aryl aldehyde or ketone (5): RC(=O)NR ′ R″ + HArZ + POCl 3 + H 2 O → RC(=O)ArZ + NR ′ R″H + HCl + H 3 PO 4
The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a N,N-disubstituted formamide. [1] [2] For primary alkyl halides this produces the homologous aldehyde one carbon longer. For aryl halides this produces the corresponding ...
Vilsmeier reagent is the active intermediate in the formylation reactions, the Vilsmeier reaction or Vilsmeier-Haack reaction that use mixtures of dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride to generate the Vilsmeier reagent, which in turn attacks a nucleophilic substrate and eventually hydrolyzes to give formyl.
The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines. The reaction is an example of reductive amination. [1] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent. It requires high temperatures, usually between 120 and 130 °C; for the ...
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.