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The ancient Romans used a type of lime mortar that has been found to be self-healing. [8] The stratlingite crystals form along the interfacial zones of Roman concrete, binding the aggregate and mortar together and this process continued even after 2000 years and it was discovered by the geologist Marie Jackson and her colleagues in 2014.
Calcium is a binding agent in Roman concrete, which makes it remarkably strong. Figuring out where it came from was the key to solving this architectural mystery.
A living building material (LBM) is a material used in construction or industrial design that behaves in a way resembling a living organism.Examples include: self-mending biocement, [1] self-replicating concrete replacement, [2] and mycelium-based composites for construction and packaging.
Related processes in concrete have been studied microscopically since the 19th century. Self healing materials only emerged as a widely recognized field of study in the 21st century. The first international conference on self-healing materials was h
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Europe Self-healing Concrete Market Size and Forecast 2024 to 2033 The Europe self-healing concrete market size accounted for USD 38.95 billion in 2024 and is projected to surpass around USD 463.99 billion by 2033, expanding at a double digit CAGR of 31.67% between 2024 and 2033.
The Pantheon in Rome is an example of Roman concrete construction. Caesarea harbour: an example of underwater Roman concrete technology on a large scale. Roman concrete, also called opus caementicium, was used in construction in ancient Rome. Like its modern equivalent, Roman concrete was based on a hydraulic-setting cement added to an aggregate.
Concrete is sometimes used as a fire protection for steel frames, for the same effect as above. Concrete as a fire shield, for example Fondu fyre, can also be used in extreme environments like a missile launch pad. Options for non-combustible construction include floors, ceilings and roofs made of cast-in-place and hollow-core precast concrete.