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A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. [1] [2] [3] It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or ...
Isolobal compounds are analogues to isoelectronic compounds that share the same number of valence electrons and structure. A graphic representation of isolobal structures, with the isolobal pairs connected through a double-headed arrow with half an orbital below, is found in Figure 1. Figure 1: Basic example of the isolobal analogy
The Mechanism of the Analogue Model. [5]Many different instruments and systems can be used to create an analogical model. [6]"Many important discoveries have been made when scientists commenced their work as if their theoretically postulated models of atoms, viruses, vitamins, hormones, and genes had actual, real world substantial existence.
Functional analogs are not necessarily structural analogs with a similar chemical structure. [1] An example of pharmacological functional analogs are morphine, heroin and fentanyl, which have the same mechanism of action, but fentanyl is structurally quite different from the other two with significant variance in dosage. [2]
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction.. In the past, derivative also meant a compound that can be imagined to arise from another compound, if one atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms, [1] but modern chemical language now uses the term structural analog for this meaning, thus eliminating ambiguity.
To design a transition state analogue, the pivotal step is the determination of transition state structure of substrate on the specific enzyme of interest with experimental method, for example, kinetic isotope effect. In addition, the transition state structure can also be predicted with computational approaches as a complementary to KIE.
Common changes in nucleotide analogues. Nucleic acid analogues are used in molecular biology for several purposes: Investigation of possible scenarios of the origin of life: By testing different analogs, researchers try to answer the question of whether life's use of DNA and RNA was selected over time due to its advantages, or if they were chosen by arbitrary chance; [3]
Analogs that resemble the transition state structures should therefore provide the most powerful noncovalent inhibitors known. All chemical transformations pass through an unstable structure called the transition state, which is poised between the chemical structures of the substrates and products.