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Disruptions caused by linear infrastructure may increase negative human – wildlife interactions (conflicts) involving species such as wild elephants and large carnivores thereby leading to additional mortality. [19] The effects may result in reduced wildlife population densities or avoidance of areas close to linear infrastructure.
The health and environmental impact of transport is significant because transport burns most of the world's petroleum.This causes illness and deaths from air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant cause of climate change through emission of carbon dioxide.
Social impact assessment (SIA) is a methodology to review the social effects of infrastructure projects and other development interventions. Although SIA is usually applied to planned interventions, the same techniques can be used to evaluate the social impact of unplanned events, for example, disasters, demographic change, and epidemics.
Largely viewed as a negative process, the barrier effect has also been found to have several positive effects, particularly with smaller species. [1] To reduce a road or railway's barrier effect, wildlife crossings are regarded as one of the best mitigation options, ideally in combination with wildlife fencing. [ 1 ]
Roads are a form of linear infrastructure intrusion that has some effects similar to infrastructure such as railroads, power lines, and canals, particularly in tropical forests. [2] Road ecology is practiced as a field of inquiry by a variety of ecologists, biologists, hydrologists, engineers, and other scientists.
Traffic congestion has a number of negative effects: ... This can be achieved through infrastructure investment, subsidies, transport integration, ...
However, there are skeptics that see certain national infrastructure methods as harm to the communities that local and federal governments swore to protect. This is a key factor in the movement against Atlanta’s “Cop City” as residents say that there are negative systematic affects as well as negative environmental affects as well. [16]
[83] [84] There are anecdotal reports of negative health effects on people who live very close to wind turbines. [85] Peer-reviewed research has generally not supported these claims. [86] [87] [88] Pile-driving to construct non-floating wind farms is noisy underwater, [89] but in operation offshore wind is much quieter than ships. [90]