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  2. Hydroxyapatite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyapatite

    Up to 50% by volume and 70% by weight of human bone is a modified form of hydroxyapatite, known as bone mineral. [7] Carbonated calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite is the main mineral of which dental enamel and dentin are composed. Hydroxyapatite crystals are also found in pathological calcifications such as those found in breast tumors, [8] as ...

  3. Calcium supplement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_supplement

    Microcrystalline hydroxyapatite and ossein-hydroxyapatite are forms of calcium phosphate used as a dietary supplement. [36] Bone meal as a calcium supplementation has largely been discontinued due to concerns of contamination with heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium identified in the 1980s.

  4. Tricalcium phosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricalcium_phosphate

    It is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL). It is a white solid of low solubility. Most commercial samples of "tricalcium phosphate" are in fact hydroxyapatite. [4] [5] It exists as three crystalline polymorphs α, α′, and β. The α and α′ states are stable at high temperatures.

  5. Artificial bone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_bone

    The two major components of bone are hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], and collagen fibers. Hydroxyapatite, which is one of the most stable forms of calcium phosphate, makes up about 60 to 65 percent of the bone. [5] The rest of the bone is composed of materials including chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate and lipid. [5]

  6. Discovery and development of bisphosphonates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development...

    [7] [8] The bisphosphonates have an intrinsic affinity for the calcium ions (hydroxyapatite) of the bone mineral just as the endogenous pyrophosphates. The difference lies in the non-hydrolysable carbon-phosphorus bond of the bisphosphonates which prevents their metabolism and at the same time ensure an effective absorption from the ...

  7. Calcium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium

    Calcium is an essential element needed in large quantities. [8] [9] The Ca 2+ ion acts as an electrolyte and is vital to the health of the muscular, circulatory, and digestive systems; is indispensable to the building of bone in the form of hydroxyapatite; and supports synthesis and function of blood

  8. Mineralized tissues - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralized_tissues

    In bone, mineralization starts from a heterogeneous solution having calcium and phosphate ions. The mineral nucleates, inside the hole area of the collagen fibrils, as thin layers of calcium phosphate, which then grow to occupy the maximum space available there. The mechanisms of mineral deposition within the organic portion of the bone are ...

  9. Bone health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_health

    Bone Mineral Density (BMD) tends to peak at a young age. When children are younger, they start building up their BMD through their nutrition and through exercise. BMD peaks at around 12.5 years old for girls and around 14 years old for boys. [23] It could be caused by a deficiency in calcium or Vitamin D. Calcium is the main nutrient for bone ...

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