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VANOS units on the intake and exhaust camshafts of a BMW N52 engine. VANOS is a variable valve timing system used by BMW on various automotive petrol engines since 1992. The name is an abbreviation of the German words for variable camshaft timing (German: variable Nockenwellensteuerung).
A successor to the BMW M60, the M62 features an aluminium engine block [2] and a single row timing chain. [3] In 1998, a Technical Update included VANOS (variable valve timing) for the intake camshafts. The S62 engine is the BMW M high performance version of the M62, which was released in the E39 M5, BMW Z8, Ascari KZ1, and the Ascari A10.
This was BMW's first engine to use variable valve timing. [2] Called single VANOS by BMW, the system adjusted the phasing of the intake camshaft. [3] The M50 began to be phased out following the introduction of the M52 engine in 1994. The E36 M3 is powered by the S50 engine series, which is a high output version of the M50.
The N62 was a clean sheet design and not a direct evolution of the M60 engine line that evolved into the M62 engine. The N62 4.4L has a bore of 92 mm (3.6 in) and stroke of 82.7 mm (3.26 in) for a total displacement of 4,398cc and features double-VANOS variable valve timing on both the intake and exhaust camshafts (the M62 features variable valve timing on only the intake camshaft). [7]
The S52 also shares more in common with the regular M52 engine than the S50 did with the M50, for example sharing the engine block (cast iron, as per North American M52 engines) and cylinder head. Unique to the S52 is a bore of 86.4 mm (3.4 in) and stroke of 89.6 mm (3.5 in) for a total displacement of 3,152 cc. Compression ratio is 10.5:1.
The N20 features a twin-scroll turbocharger, double-VANOS (variable valve timing), Valvetronic (variable valve lift), direct injection, automatic stop-start [2] and an electric water pump. The N20 was sold alongside the smaller displacement BMW N13 turbocharged four-cylinder engine. The N20 was placed in Wards Top 10 Engines in 2012. [3]
Double-VANOS, as seen on an N52 engine. Compared with its N52 predecessor which was port-injected, the N53 uses direct injection. The direct injection system uses piezoelectric fuel injectors which inject into the combustion chamber, using a stratified lean mixture operation. [2] The compression ratio was increased to 12.0:1 for the N53. [3]
The variable valve timing (VANOS) is a continuously variable design and is present on both the intake and exhaust camshafts. The VANOS units were designed as integral components of the chain drive, and the adjustment ranges are 63 degrees for the intake camshaft and 60 degrees for the exhaust camshaft. [4] The redline for the N73 is 6,500 rpm.