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Consumption of fixed capital (CFC) is a term used in business accounts, tax assessments and national accounts for depreciation of fixed assets. CFC is used in preference to "depreciation" to emphasize that fixed capital is used up in the process of generating new output, and because unlike depreciation it is not valued at historic cost but at ...
In accounting, fixed capital is any kind of real, physical asset that is used repeatedly in the production of a product. In economics, fixed capital is a type of capital good that as a real, physical asset is used as a means of production which is durable or isn't fully consumed in a single time period. [1]
In accounting, there is a different technical concept of cost, which excludes implicit opportunity costs. In common usage, as in accounting usage, cost typically does not refer to implicit costs and instead only refers to direct monetary costs. The economics term profit relies on the economic meaning of the term for cost.
A discrepancy that small (less than three-tenths of one percent) is immaterial under accounting standards. Gross national product is net national product plus an allowance for the consumption of fixed capital, mostly buildings and machines, usually called depreciation. Capital is used up in production but it does not vanish.
Consumption of fixed capital in percent of GDP, Germany, Japan, United States, computed from data of Ameco data base. In national accounts the decline in the aggregate capital stock arising from the use of fixed assets in production is referred to as consumption of fixed capital ( CFC ).
When the consumption of fixed capital is deducted from the figures the resulting ratio of net fixed capital formation to net domestic product is around 8% for the average of the EU-27; again substantially higher ratios of more than 15% can be observed for some of the new EU member states such as Spain. Higher investment rates in poorer ...
Fixed investment in economics is the purchase of newly produced physical asset, or, fixed capital. It is measured as a flow variable – that is, as an amount per unit of time. Thus, fixed investment is the sum of physical assets [ 1 ] such as machinery, land, buildings, installations, vehicles, or technology.
"Total capital formation" in national accounting equals net fixed capital investment, plus the increase in the value of inventories held, plus (net) lending to foreign countries, during an accounting period (a year or a quarter). Capital is said to be "formed" when savings are utilized for investment purposes, often investment in production.