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The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), also commonly known as concrete cancer, [3] is a deleterious internal swelling reaction that occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive amorphous (i.e., non-crystalline) silica found in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture.
With two shared oxides bound to each silicon, cyclic or polymeric structures can result. The cyclic metasilicate ring Si 6 O 12− 18 is a hexamer of SiO 3 2-. Polymeric silicate anions of can exist also as long chains. In single-chain silicates, which are a type of inosilicate, tetrahedra link to form a chain by sharing two oxygen atoms each.
Calcium silicate (CaSiO 3), a commonly used anti-caking agent, added to e.g. table salt, absorbs both water and oil. Anticaking agents are also used in non-food items such as road salt , [ 3 ] fertilisers , [ 4 ] cosmetics , [ 5 ] [ 6 ] and detergents .
Silica gel was in existence as early as the 1640s as a scientific curiosity. [5] It was used in World War I for the adsorption of vapors and gases in gas mask canisters.The synthetic route for producing silica gel was patented in 1918 by Walter A. Patrick, a chemistry professor at Johns Hopkins University.
Sodium silicate solutions can also be used as a spin-on adhesive layer to bond glass to glass [21] or a silicon dioxide–covered silicon wafer to one another. [22] Sodium silicate glass-to-glass bonding has the advantage that it is a low-temperature bonding technique, as opposed to fusion bonding. [21]
The most common use for Food Grade synthetic magnesium silicate is as an active filter aid for adsorption of color, free fatty acids and other polar compounds from used frying oils. [8] [9] Various national and international regulations allow use of this material as an anti-caking agent in a wide variety of powdered foods. [10] [11] [12] [13]
It's a classic tale: You have last-minute guests coming over for dinner or a bake sale fundraiser you didn't find out about until the night before—and now you need to concoct some tasty treats ...
Aluminum silicate (or aluminium silicate) is a name commonly applied to chemical compounds which are derived from aluminium oxide, Al 2 O 3 and silicon dioxide, SiO 2 which may be anhydrous or hydrated, naturally occurring as minerals or synthetic. Their chemical formulae are often expressed as xAl 2 O 3 ·ySiO 2 ·zH 2 O. It is known as E ...